We're in the process of revising these webpages. In the meantime, if you are having trouble sleeping you are welcome to read one of the following papers.
Thanks for your patience,
William Skylark
Papers In Press
Gheorghiu, A.I., Callan, M.J., & Skylark, W.J. (in press). A thin slice of science communication: Are people's evaluations of TED talks predicted by superficial impressions of the speakers? Social Psychology and Personality Science.
Alempaki, D., Canic, E., Mullett, T.L., Skylark, W.J., Starmer, C., Stewart, N., & Tufano, F. (in press). Re-examining how utility and weighting functions get their shapes: a quasi-adversarial collaboration providing a new interpretation. Management Science.
Skylark, W.J., & Farmer, G.D. (in press). Rational decision-making. Sandhurst Leadership Series Vol. 1: The Thinking Leader.
2018
Skylark, W.J. (2018). If John is taller than Jake, where is John? Spatial inference from magnitude comparison. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44, 1113-1129.
Skylark, W.J., & Prabhu-Naik, S. (2018). A new test of the risk-reward heuristic. Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 73-78. Open access
Skylark, W.J., Carr, M., & McComas, C.L. (2018). Who says "larger" and who says "smaller"? Individual differences in the language of comparison. Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 547-561. Open access.
Kim, H., Callan, M. J., Gheorghiu, A. I., & Skylark, W. J. (2018). Social comparison processes in the experience of personal relative deprivation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 48, 519-532. Open access.
Versluys, T.M.M., Foley, R.A., & Skylark, W.J. (2018). The influence of leg-to-body ratio, arm-to-body ratio, and intra-limb ratio on human male attractiveness. Royal Society Open Science, 5, 171790, 1-12. Open access.
Brick, C., Freeman, A.L.J., Wooding, S., Skylark, W.J., Marteau, T.M., & Spiegelhalter, D.J. (2018). Winners and losers: communicating the potential impacts of policies. Palgrave Communications, 4, 69, 1-13. Open access.
2017
Gheorghiu, A.I., Callan, M.J., & Skylark, W.J. (2017). Facial appearance affects science communication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114, 5970-5975. Open access. Here are the data
Farmer, G.D., Baron-Cohen, S., & Skylark, W.J. (2017). People with Autism Spectrum Conditions make more consistent decisions. Psychological Science, 28, 1067-1076. Open access.
Skylark, W.J., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2017). Initial evidence that non-clinical autistic traits are associated with lower income. Molecular Autism, 8: 61, 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s13229-017-0179-z. Open access.
Harvey, A. J., Callan, M. J., Sutton, R. M., Foulsham, T., & Matthews, W. J. (2017). Selective exposure to deserved outcomes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69, 33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2016.10.001 link to paper
Callan, M.J., Kim, H., Gheorghiu, A.I., & Matthews, W.J. (2017). The interrelations between social class, personal relative deprivation, and prosociality. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(6), 660-669. Open access.
Walasek, L., Rakow, T., & Matthews, W.J. (2017). When does construction enhance product value? Investigating the combined effects of object assembly and ownership on valuation. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 30, 144-156. doi: 10.1002/bdm.1931 link to paper
Kim, H., Callan, M.J., Gheorghiu, A.I., & Matthews, W.J. (2017). Social comparison, personal relative deprivation, and materialism, British Journal of Social Psychology. 56, 373-392. Open access
Skylark, W.J., & Gheorghiu, A.I. (2017). Further evidence that the effects of repetition on subjective time depend on repetition probability. Frontiers in Psychology, 8: 1915. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01915. Open access
Versluys, T.M.M., & Skylark, W.J. (2017). The effect of leg-to-body ratio on male attractiveness depends on the ecological validity of the figures. Royal Society Open Science, 4, 170399, doi: 10.1098/rsos.170399. Open access
Rakow, T., & Skylark, W.J. (2017). Judgement Heuristics. In Ball, L.J., & Thompson, V.A. (Eds.) The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. London: Routledge.
2016
Matthews, W.J., & Meck, W.H. (2016). Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory. Psychological Bulletin, 142(8), 865-907. doi: 10.1037/bul0000045. link to paper (open access)
Matthews, W.J., & Gheorghiu, A.I. (2016). Repetition, expectation, and the perception of time. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 8, 110-116. link to paper
Stewart, N., Hermens, F., & Matthews, W.J. (2016). Eye movements in risky choice. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 29, 116-136. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., Gheorghiu, A.I., & Callan, M.J. (2016). Why do we overestimate others' willingness to pay? Judgment and Decision Making, 11(1), 21-39. link to paper
2015
Matthews, W.J. (2015). Time perception: The surprising effects of surprising stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144, 172-197. doi: 10.1037/xge0000041 link to paper
Callan, M.J., Kim, H., & Matthews, W.J. (2015). Predicting self-rated mental and physical health: The contributions of Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Personal Relative Deprivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 1415, 1-14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01415. link to paper
Callan, M.J., Kim, H., & Matthews, W.J. (2015). Age differences in social comparison tendency and Personal Relative Deprivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 196-199. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.003 link to paper
Micklewright, D., Parry, D., Robinson, T., Deacon, G., Renfree, A., St Clair Gibson, A., & Matthews, W.J. (2015). Risk perception influences athletic pacing strategy. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(5), 1026-1037. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000500 link to paper
Spurgeon, J., Ward, G., Matthews, W.J., & Farrell, S. (2015). Can the effects of temporal grouping explain the similarities and differences between free recall and serial recall? Memory & Cognition, 43(3), 469-488. doi: 10.3758/s13421-014-0471-5 link to paper
Walasek, L., Matthews, W.J., & Rakow, T. (2015). The need to belong and the value of belongings: Does ostracism change the subjective value of personal possessions? Journal of Behavioural and Experimental Economics, 58, 195-204. link to paper
2014
Matthews, W.J., & Dylman, A.S. (2014). The language of magnitude comparison. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 510-520. link to paper
Spurgeon, J., Ward, G., & Matthews, W.J. (2014). Why do participants initiate free recall of short lists of words with the first list item? Toward a general episodic memory explanation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 40(6), 1551-1567. link to paper
Spurgeon, J. Ward, G., & Matthews, W.J. (2014). Examining the relationship between immediate serial recall and immediate free recall: Common effects of Phonological Loop variables, but only limited evidence for the Phonological Loop. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 1110-1141. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., Terhune, D.B., van Rijn, H., Eagleman, D.M., Sommer, M.A., & Meck, W.H. (2014). Subjective duration as a signature of coding efficiency: Emerging links among stimulus repetition, predictive coding, and cortical GABA levels. Timing and Time Perception Reviews, 1, Article 5, 1-11. link to paper
Harvey, A.J., Callan, M.J., & Matthews, W.J. (2014). How much does effortful thinking underlie observers' reactions to victimization? Social Justice Research, 27, 175-208. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., & Meck, W.H. (2014). Time perception: The bad news and the good. WIREs Cognitive Science, 5, 429-446. link to paper
Francis, G., Tanzman, J., & Matthews, W.J. Excess success for psychology articles in the journal Science. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e114255, 1-15. link to paper
2013
Matthews, W.J. (2013). How does sequence structure affect the judgment of time? Exploring a weighted sum of segments model. Cognitive Psychology, 66, 259-282. link to paper
Matthews, W.J. (2013). Relatively random: Context effects on perceived randomness and predicted outcomes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39, 1642-1648. link to paper
Darlow, H.M., Dylman, A.S., Gheorghiu, A.I., & Matthews, W.J. (2013). Do changes in the pace of events affect one-off judgments of duration? PLoS ONE, 8, e59847. link to paper (data available here)
2012
Matthews, W.J. (2012). How much do incidental values affect the judgment of time? Psychological Science, 23, 1432-1434. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., & Grondin, S. (2012). On the replication of Kristofferson’s (1980) quantal timing for duration discrimination: Some learning, but no quanta and not much of a Weber constant. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74(5), 1056-1072. link to paper
2011
Matthews, W.J. (2011). How do changes in speed affect the perception of duration? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37(5), 1617-1627. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., Stewart, N., & Wearden, J.H. (2011). Stimulus intensity and the perception of duration. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37(1), 303-313. link to paper
Matthews, W.J. (2011). What might judgment and decision making research be like if we took a Bayesian approach to hypothesis testing? Judgment and Decision Making, 8, 843-856. link to paper
Brown, G.D.A., & Matthews, W.J. (2011). Decision by sampling and memory distinctiveness: range effects from rank-based models of judgment and choice. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, Article 299, 1-4. link to paper
Navarro-Martinez, D., Salisbury, L.C., Lemon, K.N., Stewart, N., Matthews, W.J., & Harris, A.J.L. (2011). Minimum required payment and supplemental information disclosure effects on consumer debt repayment decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 48, S60-S77. link to paper
Matthews, W.J. (2011). Stimulus Repetition and the Perception of Time: The Effects of Prior Exposure on Temporal Discrimination, Judgment, and Production. PLoS ONE, 6, e19815. link to paper
Matthews, W.J. (2011). Can we use verbal estimation to dissect the internal clock? Differentiating the effects of pacemaker rate, switch latencies, and judgment processes. Behavioural Processes, 86, 68-74. link to paper
2010
Matthews, W.J., Buratto, L.G., & Lamberts, K. (2010). Exploring the memory advantage for moving scenes. Visual Cognition, 18, 1393-1419. link to paper
Matthews, W. J. (2010). The gambler’s fallacy in retrospect: A supplementary comment on Oppenheimer and Monin (2009). Judgment and Decision Making, 5, 133-137. link to paper
2009
Matthews, W. J., & Stewart, N. (2009). The effect of inter-stimulus interval on sequential effects in absolute identification. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 2014-2029. link to paper
Matthews, W. J., & Stewart, N. (2009). Psychophysics and the judgment of price: Judging complex objects on a non-physical dimension elicits sequential effects like those in perceptual tasks. Judgment and Decision Making, 4, 64-81. link to paper
Buratto, L. G., Matthews, W. J., & Lamberts, K. (2009). When are moving images remembered better? Study-test congruence and the dynamic superiority effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 1896-1903. link to paper
Stewart, N., & Matthews, W. J. (2009). Relative judgment and knowledge of category structure. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,16, 594-599. link to paper
2008
Matthews, W. J., & Adams, A. (2008). Another reason why adults find it hard to draw accurately. Perception, 37, 628-630. link to paper
Matthews, W. J., & Stewart, N. (2008). The effect of stimulus range on two-interval frequency discrimination. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123, EL45-EL51. link to paper
Henson, R. N., Mouchlianitis, E., Matthews, W. J., & Kouider, S. (2008). Electrophysiological correlates of masked face priming. Neuroimage, 40, 884-895. link to paper
2007
Matthews, W. J., Benjamin, C., & Osborne, C. (2007). Memory for moving and static images. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 989-993. link to paper
Gheorghiu, A.I., Callan, M.J., & Skylark, W.J. (in press). A thin slice of science communication: Are people's evaluations of TED talks predicted by superficial impressions of the speakers? Social Psychology and Personality Science.
Alempaki, D., Canic, E., Mullett, T.L., Skylark, W.J., Starmer, C., Stewart, N., & Tufano, F. (in press). Re-examining how utility and weighting functions get their shapes: a quasi-adversarial collaboration providing a new interpretation. Management Science.
Skylark, W.J., & Farmer, G.D. (in press). Rational decision-making. Sandhurst Leadership Series Vol. 1: The Thinking Leader.
2018
Skylark, W.J. (2018). If John is taller than Jake, where is John? Spatial inference from magnitude comparison. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 44, 1113-1129.
Skylark, W.J., & Prabhu-Naik, S. (2018). A new test of the risk-reward heuristic. Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 73-78. Open access
Skylark, W.J., Carr, M., & McComas, C.L. (2018). Who says "larger" and who says "smaller"? Individual differences in the language of comparison. Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 547-561. Open access.
Kim, H., Callan, M. J., Gheorghiu, A. I., & Skylark, W. J. (2018). Social comparison processes in the experience of personal relative deprivation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 48, 519-532. Open access.
Versluys, T.M.M., Foley, R.A., & Skylark, W.J. (2018). The influence of leg-to-body ratio, arm-to-body ratio, and intra-limb ratio on human male attractiveness. Royal Society Open Science, 5, 171790, 1-12. Open access.
Brick, C., Freeman, A.L.J., Wooding, S., Skylark, W.J., Marteau, T.M., & Spiegelhalter, D.J. (2018). Winners and losers: communicating the potential impacts of policies. Palgrave Communications, 4, 69, 1-13. Open access.
2017
Gheorghiu, A.I., Callan, M.J., & Skylark, W.J. (2017). Facial appearance affects science communication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114, 5970-5975. Open access. Here are the data
Farmer, G.D., Baron-Cohen, S., & Skylark, W.J. (2017). People with Autism Spectrum Conditions make more consistent decisions. Psychological Science, 28, 1067-1076. Open access.
Skylark, W.J., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2017). Initial evidence that non-clinical autistic traits are associated with lower income. Molecular Autism, 8: 61, 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s13229-017-0179-z. Open access.
Harvey, A. J., Callan, M. J., Sutton, R. M., Foulsham, T., & Matthews, W. J. (2017). Selective exposure to deserved outcomes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69, 33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2016.10.001 link to paper
Callan, M.J., Kim, H., Gheorghiu, A.I., & Matthews, W.J. (2017). The interrelations between social class, personal relative deprivation, and prosociality. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(6), 660-669. Open access.
Walasek, L., Rakow, T., & Matthews, W.J. (2017). When does construction enhance product value? Investigating the combined effects of object assembly and ownership on valuation. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 30, 144-156. doi: 10.1002/bdm.1931 link to paper
Kim, H., Callan, M.J., Gheorghiu, A.I., & Matthews, W.J. (2017). Social comparison, personal relative deprivation, and materialism, British Journal of Social Psychology. 56, 373-392. Open access
Skylark, W.J., & Gheorghiu, A.I. (2017). Further evidence that the effects of repetition on subjective time depend on repetition probability. Frontiers in Psychology, 8: 1915. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01915. Open access
Versluys, T.M.M., & Skylark, W.J. (2017). The effect of leg-to-body ratio on male attractiveness depends on the ecological validity of the figures. Royal Society Open Science, 4, 170399, doi: 10.1098/rsos.170399. Open access
Rakow, T., & Skylark, W.J. (2017). Judgement Heuristics. In Ball, L.J., & Thompson, V.A. (Eds.) The Routledge International Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. London: Routledge.
2016
Matthews, W.J., & Meck, W.H. (2016). Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory. Psychological Bulletin, 142(8), 865-907. doi: 10.1037/bul0000045. link to paper (open access)
Matthews, W.J., & Gheorghiu, A.I. (2016). Repetition, expectation, and the perception of time. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 8, 110-116. link to paper
Stewart, N., Hermens, F., & Matthews, W.J. (2016). Eye movements in risky choice. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 29, 116-136. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., Gheorghiu, A.I., & Callan, M.J. (2016). Why do we overestimate others' willingness to pay? Judgment and Decision Making, 11(1), 21-39. link to paper
2015
Matthews, W.J. (2015). Time perception: The surprising effects of surprising stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144, 172-197. doi: 10.1037/xge0000041 link to paper
Callan, M.J., Kim, H., & Matthews, W.J. (2015). Predicting self-rated mental and physical health: The contributions of Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Personal Relative Deprivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Article 1415, 1-14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01415. link to paper
Callan, M.J., Kim, H., & Matthews, W.J. (2015). Age differences in social comparison tendency and Personal Relative Deprivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 196-199. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.003 link to paper
Micklewright, D., Parry, D., Robinson, T., Deacon, G., Renfree, A., St Clair Gibson, A., & Matthews, W.J. (2015). Risk perception influences athletic pacing strategy. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(5), 1026-1037. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000500 link to paper
Spurgeon, J., Ward, G., Matthews, W.J., & Farrell, S. (2015). Can the effects of temporal grouping explain the similarities and differences between free recall and serial recall? Memory & Cognition, 43(3), 469-488. doi: 10.3758/s13421-014-0471-5 link to paper
Walasek, L., Matthews, W.J., & Rakow, T. (2015). The need to belong and the value of belongings: Does ostracism change the subjective value of personal possessions? Journal of Behavioural and Experimental Economics, 58, 195-204. link to paper
2014
Matthews, W.J., & Dylman, A.S. (2014). The language of magnitude comparison. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 510-520. link to paper
Spurgeon, J., Ward, G., & Matthews, W.J. (2014). Why do participants initiate free recall of short lists of words with the first list item? Toward a general episodic memory explanation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 40(6), 1551-1567. link to paper
Spurgeon, J. Ward, G., & Matthews, W.J. (2014). Examining the relationship between immediate serial recall and immediate free recall: Common effects of Phonological Loop variables, but only limited evidence for the Phonological Loop. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40, 1110-1141. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., Terhune, D.B., van Rijn, H., Eagleman, D.M., Sommer, M.A., & Meck, W.H. (2014). Subjective duration as a signature of coding efficiency: Emerging links among stimulus repetition, predictive coding, and cortical GABA levels. Timing and Time Perception Reviews, 1, Article 5, 1-11. link to paper
Harvey, A.J., Callan, M.J., & Matthews, W.J. (2014). How much does effortful thinking underlie observers' reactions to victimization? Social Justice Research, 27, 175-208. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., & Meck, W.H. (2014). Time perception: The bad news and the good. WIREs Cognitive Science, 5, 429-446. link to paper
Francis, G., Tanzman, J., & Matthews, W.J. Excess success for psychology articles in the journal Science. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e114255, 1-15. link to paper
2013
Matthews, W.J. (2013). How does sequence structure affect the judgment of time? Exploring a weighted sum of segments model. Cognitive Psychology, 66, 259-282. link to paper
Matthews, W.J. (2013). Relatively random: Context effects on perceived randomness and predicted outcomes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39, 1642-1648. link to paper
Darlow, H.M., Dylman, A.S., Gheorghiu, A.I., & Matthews, W.J. (2013). Do changes in the pace of events affect one-off judgments of duration? PLoS ONE, 8, e59847. link to paper (data available here)
2012
Matthews, W.J. (2012). How much do incidental values affect the judgment of time? Psychological Science, 23, 1432-1434. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., & Grondin, S. (2012). On the replication of Kristofferson’s (1980) quantal timing for duration discrimination: Some learning, but no quanta and not much of a Weber constant. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 74(5), 1056-1072. link to paper
2011
Matthews, W.J. (2011). How do changes in speed affect the perception of duration? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37(5), 1617-1627. link to paper
Matthews, W.J., Stewart, N., & Wearden, J.H. (2011). Stimulus intensity and the perception of duration. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 37(1), 303-313. link to paper
Matthews, W.J. (2011). What might judgment and decision making research be like if we took a Bayesian approach to hypothesis testing? Judgment and Decision Making, 8, 843-856. link to paper
Brown, G.D.A., & Matthews, W.J. (2011). Decision by sampling and memory distinctiveness: range effects from rank-based models of judgment and choice. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, Article 299, 1-4. link to paper
Navarro-Martinez, D., Salisbury, L.C., Lemon, K.N., Stewart, N., Matthews, W.J., & Harris, A.J.L. (2011). Minimum required payment and supplemental information disclosure effects on consumer debt repayment decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 48, S60-S77. link to paper
Matthews, W.J. (2011). Stimulus Repetition and the Perception of Time: The Effects of Prior Exposure on Temporal Discrimination, Judgment, and Production. PLoS ONE, 6, e19815. link to paper
Matthews, W.J. (2011). Can we use verbal estimation to dissect the internal clock? Differentiating the effects of pacemaker rate, switch latencies, and judgment processes. Behavioural Processes, 86, 68-74. link to paper
2010
Matthews, W.J., Buratto, L.G., & Lamberts, K. (2010). Exploring the memory advantage for moving scenes. Visual Cognition, 18, 1393-1419. link to paper
Matthews, W. J. (2010). The gambler’s fallacy in retrospect: A supplementary comment on Oppenheimer and Monin (2009). Judgment and Decision Making, 5, 133-137. link to paper
2009
Matthews, W. J., & Stewart, N. (2009). The effect of inter-stimulus interval on sequential effects in absolute identification. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 2014-2029. link to paper
Matthews, W. J., & Stewart, N. (2009). Psychophysics and the judgment of price: Judging complex objects on a non-physical dimension elicits sequential effects like those in perceptual tasks. Judgment and Decision Making, 4, 64-81. link to paper
Buratto, L. G., Matthews, W. J., & Lamberts, K. (2009). When are moving images remembered better? Study-test congruence and the dynamic superiority effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 1896-1903. link to paper
Stewart, N., & Matthews, W. J. (2009). Relative judgment and knowledge of category structure. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,16, 594-599. link to paper
2008
Matthews, W. J., & Adams, A. (2008). Another reason why adults find it hard to draw accurately. Perception, 37, 628-630. link to paper
Matthews, W. J., & Stewart, N. (2008). The effect of stimulus range on two-interval frequency discrimination. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123, EL45-EL51. link to paper
Henson, R. N., Mouchlianitis, E., Matthews, W. J., & Kouider, S. (2008). Electrophysiological correlates of masked face priming. Neuroimage, 40, 884-895. link to paper
2007
Matthews, W. J., Benjamin, C., & Osborne, C. (2007). Memory for moving and static images. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 989-993. link to paper
